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Madrid, 1944. European fascists arrive in Madrid, and protected by the Franco regime, they weave a secret web known as ratlines in order to escape the Allied forces.
Franco experienced a remarkable rise through the ranks of the Spanish army until the Republican regime, in 1931, brought his career to a halt. The Civil War became his opportunity to seize absolute power in Spain. Part 1 of 2.
Having come to power through a coup, General Franco manoeuvred from 1939 until his death in 1975 to remain in control. While his former allies Hitler and Mussolini disappeared with the end of WW II, his political longevity remains surprising. Part 2 of 2.
Elizabeth: In 1592, Elizabeth I visited Sudeley Castle where a spectacular garden was created. 500 years later, a team of archaeologists hunt for this lost gem. Part 1 of 6.
Romans: Silchester is one of the best-preserved Roman sites in Britain. Why did Rome's infamous emperor Nero stamp his mark on the town? Part 2 of 6.
Invincible: For more than 260 years, HMS Invincible lay at the bottom of the Solent. Now, archaeologists are diving beneath the waves to learn more about this game-changing ship. Part 3 of 6.
At the end of a bloody civil war, Francisco Franco seized power and ruled Spain with an iron hand for nearly four decades. Under his leadership the conservative, monarchist armed forces staged a coup against Spain’s democratically elected republican government. The insurrection was supported by Italy and Germany. Three years of bitter fighting followed and, by April 1939, Spain had become a different country. The hostilities and political purges cost half a million lives. Part 1 of 4.
The Franco myth stands for a cruel regime; for the darkest chapter in Spanish history. Franco gave himself the title of Caudillo de España - Supreme Leader of Spain. He created his own rituals of power: the war hero, the family man and the mass murderer. Franco was a man of many faces. Franco and his family formally moved into the El Pardo Palace, the former summer residence of the king. Was that still the behaviour of a head of state? Or was it already megalomania? Part 2 of 4.
At the end of the Second World War the cards in global politics were reshuffled. The Allies now made a clear distinction between the friends and foes of democracy. The situation became critical for Franco. His reign of terror caused widespread suffering in Spain, and many people sought to topple him. This episode shows how he managed to prevail within the new global power structure. Part 3 of 4.
In the mid-1950s Franco’s foreign policy successes opened up new perspectives for Spain. After years of stagnation the country was now moving forward - thus, Franco’s rule was legitimised. Resistance fell silent, with the dictator sitting firmly in the saddle. But along with new friends, new influences also entered the country. Spain changed, confronting the regime with new challenges. How much longer could Franco cling to power? Could Prince Juan Carlos give the dictatorship a future? Part 4 of 4.
