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Looking at the ever-present challenges presented by competing for food, mating rights or territory. The competitive spirit is shown in the hunt, the competition between predator and prey. Part 7 of 12.
AMERICAN EXPERIENCE: The Amish explored one of the most mysterious and successful examples of community in the United States and this follow-up programme queries the cost of that community. To those who join the church and live Amish, the community provides support, yet to those who leave, the door is often slammed shut with former members left struggling to cope with modern American culture. The Amish believe that shunning the individual is necessary to preserve the community, but is it worth the cost?
This film reveals the startling truth behind the 1954 Bikini Atoll nuclear test, featuring recently uncovered footage of the day the “sky burned” over the Pacific. More than half a century after the event, this top-secret mission has finally been declassified and witnesses are able to tell their gripping story for the first time. Ⓢ
The world’s greatest concentration of WW2 shipwrecks lie in a remote lagoon in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Today the island of Truk is a backwater but throughout the conflict, the lagoon was the principal base for the Japanese Pacific fleet – an oceanic fortress they believed to be impenetrable.
The war on the Western Front saw constant tactical evolution. There were countless informal local truces. The Germans tried new ideas at Verdun: 750,000 French and Germans died with little gain. After terrible failure on the Somme, the British used tanks at Cambrai, but the Germans clawed back lost ground. Victory on the Western Front would go to the side that learned to consolidate success. Part 6 of 10.
The British expected a second Trafalgar – but within days, German submarines turned the North Sea into a no-go area for Britain’s great battleships. The British responded with a blockade of Europe to starve the enemy out. Germany launched submarine attacks against civilian ships, including the Lusitania, with 1200 lives lost. American acted as arsenal and banker to the warring nations but, though targeted by spies and saboteurs, was deeply reluctant to join in. Then top secret British code-breakers deciphered the Zimmermann Telegram, which revealed that Germany was encouraging Mexico to attack America. Part 7 of 10.
Increasingly, governments faced the risk of men mutinying, morale cracking, and civilians rising up in strikes and civil disobedience. While worrying about containing unrest at home, they set agents working to foment revolution among the enemy. Britain sponsored the Arab Revolt through Lawrence of Arabia, Germany backed Irish independence and funded Lenin’s Russian coup d'etat in 1917. Lenin pulled Russia out of the war, vindicating Germany’s efforts. Part 8 of 10.
In March 1918, Germany launched a massive offensive on the Western Front – her bid to win the war before the Americans arrived. Within days, the British 5th army was in retreat and Paris was under shell-fire. Some Allies feared defeat. But Germany’s allies, Ottoman Turkey and Austria-Hungary, were starving and demoralised. The war-weary German Home Front was infected with dangerous socialist ideas. German soldiers slowed, exhausted and hungry. And then the Americans started pouring in. Part 9 of 10.
The war’s last months were more destructive than trench warfare had been. Germany remained on French soil, believing herself unbeaten. The Armistice was the Allies' bid to obtain - on paper - Germany’s unconditional surrender. With losses over 20 million, the way was later deemed a senseless waste. Though it curbed militarism for a while, this was not the war to end all wars. Its terrible message to the century it shaped was that war can fulfil ambitions. Part 10 of 10.
Some animals in the Serengeti seem to be forever at war. Species compete with each other over territories, ring fencing these areas with scent marking. Part 8 of 12.